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Documentation / acpi / namespace.txt


Based on kernel version 4.16.1. Page generated on 2018-04-09 11:52 EST.

1	ACPI Device Tree - Representation of ACPI Namespace
2	
3	Copyright (C) 2013, Intel Corporation
4	Author: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
5	
6	
7	Abstract:
8	
9	The Linux ACPI subsystem converts ACPI namespace objects into a Linux
10	device tree under the /sys/devices/LNXSYSTEM:00 and updates it upon
11	receiving ACPI hotplug notification events.  For each device object in this
12	hierarchy there is a corresponding symbolic link in the
13	/sys/bus/acpi/devices.
14	This document illustrates the structure of the ACPI device tree.
15	
16	
17	Credit:
18	
19	Thanks for the help from Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com> and Rafael J.
20	Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>.
21	
22	
23	1. ACPI Definition Blocks
24	
25	   The ACPI firmware sets up RSDP (Root System Description Pointer) in the
26	   system memory address space pointing to the XSDT (Extended System
27	   Description Table).  The XSDT always points to the FADT (Fixed ACPI
28	   Description Table) using its first entry, the data within the FADT
29	   includes various fixed-length entries that describe fixed ACPI features
30	   of the hardware.  The FADT contains a pointer to the DSDT
31	   (Differentiated System Descripition Table).  The XSDT also contains
32	   entries pointing to possibly multiple SSDTs (Secondary System
33	   Description Table).
34	
35	   The DSDT and SSDT data is organized in data structures called definition
36	   blocks that contain definitions of various objects, including ACPI
37	   control methods, encoded in AML (ACPI Machine Language).  The data block
38	   of the DSDT along with the contents of SSDTs represents a hierarchical
39	   data structure called the ACPI namespace whose topology reflects the
40	   structure of the underlying hardware platform.
41	
42	   The relationships between ACPI System Definition Tables described above
43	   are illustrated in the following diagram.
44	
45	     +---------+    +-------+    +--------+    +------------------------+
46	     |  RSDP   | +->| XSDT  | +->|  FADT  |    |  +-------------------+ |
47	     +---------+ |  +-------+ |  +--------+  +-|->|       DSDT        | |
48	     | Pointer | |  | Entry |-+  | ...... |  | |  +-------------------+ |
49	     +---------+ |  +-------+    | X_DSDT |--+ |  | Definition Blocks | |
50	     | Pointer |-+  | ..... |    | ...... |    |  +-------------------+ |
51	     +---------+    +-------+    +--------+    |  +-------------------+ |
52	                    | Entry |------------------|->|       SSDT        | |
53	                    +- - - -+                  |  +-------------------| |
54	                    | Entry | - - - - - - - -+ |  | Definition Blocks | |
55	                    +- - - -+                | |  +-------------------+ |
56	                                             | |  +- - - - - - - - - -+ |
57	                                             +-|->|       SSDT        | |
58	                                               |  +-------------------+ |
59	                                               |  | Definition Blocks | |
60	                                               |  +- - - - - - - - - -+ |
61	                                               +------------------------+
62	                                                           |
63	                                              OSPM Loading |
64	                                                          \|/
65	                                                    +----------------+
66	                                                    | ACPI Namespace |
67	                                                    +----------------+
68	
69	                     Figure 1. ACPI Definition Blocks
70	
71	   NOTE: RSDP can also contain a pointer to the RSDT (Root System
72	         Description Table).  Platforms provide RSDT to enable
73	         compatibility with ACPI 1.0 operating systems.  The OS is expected
74	         to use XSDT, if present.
75	
76	
77	2. Example ACPI Namespace
78	
79	   All definition blocks are loaded into a single namespace.  The namespace
80	   is a hierarchy of objects identified by names and paths.
81	   The following naming conventions apply to object names in the ACPI
82	   namespace:
83	   1. All names are 32 bits long.
84	   2. The first byte of a name must be one of 'A' - 'Z', '_'.
85	   3. Each of the remaining bytes of a name must be one of 'A' - 'Z', '0'
86	      - '9', '_'.
87	   4. Names starting with '_' are reserved by the ACPI specification.
88	   5. The '\' symbol represents the root of the namespace (i.e. names
89	      prepended with '\' are relative to the namespace root).
90	   6. The '^' symbol represents the parent of the current namespace node
91	      (i.e. names prepended with '^' are relative to the parent of the
92	      current namespace node).
93	
94	   The figure below shows an example ACPI namespace.
95	
96	   +------+
97	   | \    |                     Root
98	   +------+
99	     |
100	     | +------+
101	     +-| _PR  |                 Scope(_PR): the processor namespace
102	     | +------+
103	     |   |
104	     |   | +------+
105	     |   +-| CPU0 |             Processor(CPU0): the first processor
106	     |     +------+
107	     |
108	     | +------+
109	     +-| _SB  |                 Scope(_SB): the system bus namespace
110	     | +------+
111	     |   |
112	     |   | +------+
113	     |   +-| LID0 |             Device(LID0); the lid device
114	     |   | +------+
115	     |   |   |
116	     |   |   | +------+
117	     |   |   +-| _HID |         Name(_HID, "PNP0C0D"): the hardware ID
118	     |   |   | +------+
119	     |   |   |
120	     |   |   | +------+
121	     |   |   +-| _STA |         Method(_STA): the status control method
122	     |   |     +------+
123	     |   |
124	     |   | +------+
125	     |   +-| PCI0 |             Device(PCI0); the PCI root bridge
126	     |     +------+
127	     |       |
128	     |       | +------+
129	     |       +-| _HID |         Name(_HID, "PNP0A08"): the hardware ID
130	     |       | +------+
131	     |       |
132	     |       | +------+
133	     |       +-| _CID |         Name(_CID, "PNP0A03"): the compatible ID
134	     |       | +------+
135	     |       |
136	     |       | +------+
137	     |       +-| RP03 |         Scope(RP03): the PCI0 power scope
138	     |       | +------+
139	     |       |   |
140	     |       |   | +------+
141	     |       |   +-| PXP3 |     PowerResource(PXP3): the PCI0 power resource
142	     |       |     +------+
143	     |       |
144	     |       | +------+
145	     |       +-| GFX0 |         Device(GFX0): the graphics adapter
146	     |         +------+
147	     |           |
148	     |           | +------+
149	     |           +-| _ADR |     Name(_ADR, 0x00020000): the PCI bus address
150	     |           | +------+
151	     |           |
152	     |           | +------+
153	     |           +-| DD01 |     Device(DD01): the LCD output device
154	     |             +------+
155	     |               |
156	     |               | +------+
157	     |               +-| _BCL | Method(_BCL): the backlight control method
158	     |                 +------+
159	     |
160	     | +------+
161	     +-| _TZ  |                 Scope(_TZ): the thermal zone namespace
162	     | +------+
163	     |   |
164	     |   | +------+
165	     |   +-| FN00 |             PowerResource(FN00): the FAN0 power resource
166	     |   | +------+
167	     |   |
168	     |   | +------+
169	     |   +-| FAN0 |             Device(FAN0): the FAN0 cooling device
170	     |   | +------+
171	     |   |   |
172	     |   |   | +------+
173	     |   |   +-| _HID |         Name(_HID, "PNP0A0B"): the hardware ID
174	     |   |     +------+
175	     |   |
176	     |   | +------+
177	     |   +-| TZ00 |             ThermalZone(TZ00); the FAN thermal zone
178	     |     +------+
179	     |
180	     | +------+
181	     +-| _GPE |                 Scope(_GPE): the GPE namespace
182	       +------+
183	
184	                     Figure 2. Example ACPI Namespace
185	
186	
187	3. Linux ACPI Device Objects
188	
189	   The Linux kernel's core ACPI subsystem creates struct acpi_device
190	   objects for ACPI namespace objects representing devices, power resources
191	   processors, thermal zones.  Those objects are exported to user space via
192	   sysfs as directories in the subtree under /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00.  The
193	   format of their names is <bus_id:instance>, where 'bus_id' refers to the
194	   ACPI namespace representation of the given object and 'instance' is used
195	   for distinguishing different object of the same 'bus_id' (it is
196	   two-digit decimal representation of an unsigned integer).
197	
198	   The value of 'bus_id' depends on the type of the object whose name it is
199	   part of as listed in the table below.
200	
201	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
202	                |   | Object/Feature  | Table | bus_id   |
203	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
204	                | N | Root            | xSDT  | LNXSYSTM |
205	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
206	                | N | Device          | xSDT  | _HID     |
207	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
208	                | N | Processor       | xSDT  | LNXCPU   |
209	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
210	                | N | ThermalZone     | xSDT  | LNXTHERM |
211	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
212	                | N | PowerResource   | xSDT  | LNXPOWER |
213	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
214	                | N | Other Devices   | xSDT  | device   |
215	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
216	                | F | PWR_BUTTON      | FADT  | LNXPWRBN |
217	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
218	                | F | SLP_BUTTON      | FADT  | LNXSLPBN |
219	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
220	                | M | Video Extension | xSDT  | LNXVIDEO |
221	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
222	                | M | ATA Controller  | xSDT  | LNXIOBAY |
223	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
224	                | M | Docking Station | xSDT  | LNXDOCK  |
225	                +---+-----------------+-------+----------+
226	
227	                 Table 1. ACPI Namespace Objects Mapping
228	
229	   The following rules apply when creating struct acpi_device objects on
230	   the basis of the contents of ACPI System Description Tables (as
231	   indicated by the letter in the first column and the notation in the
232	   second column of the table above):
233	   N:
234	      The object's source is an ACPI namespace node (as indicated by the
235	      named object's type in the second column).  In that case the object's
236	      directory in sysfs will contain the 'path' attribute whose value is
237	      the full path to the node from the namespace root.
238	   F:
239	      The struct acpi_device object is created for a fixed hardware
240	      feature (as indicated by the fixed feature flag's name in the second
241	      column), so its sysfs directory will not contain the 'path'
242	      attribute.
243	   M:
244	      The struct acpi_device object is created for an ACPI namespace node
245	      with specific control methods (as indicated by the ACPI defined
246	      device's type in the second column).  The 'path' attribute containing
247	      its namespace path will be present in its sysfs directory.  For
248	      example, if the _BCL method is present for an ACPI namespace node, a
249	      struct acpi_device object with LNXVIDEO 'bus_id' will be created for
250	      it.
251	
252	   The third column of the above table indicates which ACPI System
253	   Description Tables contain information used for the creation of the
254	   struct acpi_device objects represented by the given row (xSDT means DSDT
255	   or SSDT).
256	
257	   The forth column of the above table indicates the 'bus_id' generation
258	   rule of the struct acpi_device object:
259	   _HID:
260	      _HID in the last column of the table means that the object's bus_id
261	      is derived from the _HID/_CID identification objects present under
262	      the corresponding ACPI namespace node. The object's sysfs directory
263	      will then contain the 'hid' and 'modalias' attributes that can be
264	      used to retrieve the _HID and _CIDs of that object.
265	   LNXxxxxx:
266	      The 'modalias' attribute is also present for struct acpi_device
267	      objects having bus_id of the "LNXxxxxx" form (pseudo devices), in
268	      which cases it contains the bus_id string itself.
269	   device:
270	      'device' in the last column of the table indicates that the object's
271	      bus_id cannot be determined from _HID/_CID of the corresponding
272	      ACPI namespace node, although that object represents a device (for
273	      example, it may be a PCI device with _ADR defined and without _HID
274	      or _CID).  In that case the string 'device' will be used as the
275	      object's bus_id.
276	
277	
278	4. Linux ACPI Physical Device Glue
279	
280	   ACPI device (i.e. struct acpi_device) objects may be linked to other
281	   objects in the Linux' device hierarchy that represent "physical" devices
282	   (for example, devices on the PCI bus).  If that happens, it means that
283	   the ACPI device object is a "companion" of a device otherwise
284	   represented in a different way and is used (1) to provide configuration
285	   information on that device which cannot be obtained by other means and
286	   (2) to do specific things to the device with the help of its ACPI
287	   control methods.  One ACPI device object may be linked this way to
288	   multiple "physical" devices.
289	
290	   If an ACPI device object is linked to a "physical" device, its sysfs
291	   directory contains the "physical_node" symbolic link to the sysfs
292	   directory of the target device object.  In turn, the target device's
293	   sysfs directory will then contain the "firmware_node" symbolic link to
294	   the sysfs directory of the companion ACPI device object.
295	   The linking mechanism relies on device identification provided by the
296	   ACPI namespace.  For example, if there's an ACPI namespace object
297	   representing a PCI device (i.e. a device object under an ACPI namespace
298	   object representing a PCI bridge) whose _ADR returns 0x00020000 and the
299	   bus number of the parent PCI bridge is 0, the sysfs directory
300	   representing the struct acpi_device object created for that ACPI
301	   namespace object will contain the 'physical_node' symbolic link to the
302	   /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02:0/ sysfs directory of the
303	   corresponding PCI device.
304	
305	   The linking mechanism is generally bus-specific.  The core of its
306	   implementation is located in the drivers/acpi/glue.c file, but there are
307	   complementary parts depending on the bus types in question located
308	   elsewhere.  For example, the PCI-specific part of it is located in
309	   drivers/pci/pci-acpi.c.
310	
311	
312	5. Example Linux ACPI Device Tree
313	
314	   The sysfs hierarchy of struct acpi_device objects corresponding to the
315	   example ACPI namespace illustrated in Figure 2 with the addition of
316	   fixed PWR_BUTTON/SLP_BUTTON devices is shown below.
317	
318	   +--------------+---+-----------------+
319	   | LNXSYSTEM:00 | \ | acpi:LNXSYSTEM: |
320	   +--------------+---+-----------------+
321	     |
322	     | +-------------+-----+----------------+
323	     +-| LNXPWRBN:00 | N/A | acpi:LNXPWRBN: |
324	     | +-------------+-----+----------------+
325	     |
326	     | +-------------+-----+----------------+
327	     +-| LNXSLPBN:00 | N/A | acpi:LNXSLPBN: |
328	     | +-------------+-----+----------------+
329	     |
330	     | +-----------+------------+--------------+
331	     +-| LNXCPU:00 | \_PR_.CPU0 | acpi:LNXCPU: |
332	     | +-----------+------------+--------------+
333	     |
334	     | +-------------+-------+----------------+
335	     +-| LNXSYBUS:00 | \_SB_ | acpi:LNXSYBUS: |
336	     | +-------------+-------+----------------+
337	     |   |
338	     |   | +- - - - - - - +- - - - - - +- - - - - - - -+
339	     |   +-| PNP0C0D:00 | \_SB_.LID0 | acpi:PNP0C0D: |
340	     |   | +- - - - - - - +- - - - - - +- - - - - - - -+
341	     |   |
342	     |   | +------------+------------+-----------------------+
343	     |   +-| PNP0A08:00 | \_SB_.PCI0 | acpi:PNP0A08:PNP0A03: |
344	     |     +------------+------------+-----------------------+
345	     |       |
346	     |       | +-----------+-----------------+-----+
347	     |       +-| device:00 | \_SB_.PCI0.RP03 | N/A |
348	     |       | +-----------+-----------------+-----+
349	     |       |   |
350	     |       |   | +-------------+----------------------+----------------+
351	     |       |   +-| LNXPOWER:00 | \_SB_.PCI0.RP03.PXP3 | acpi:LNXPOWER: |
352	     |       |     +-------------+----------------------+----------------+
353	     |       |
354	     |       | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
355	     |       +-| LNXVIDEO:00 | \_SB_.PCI0.GFX0 | acpi:LNXVIDEO: |
356	     |         +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
357	     |           |
358	     |           | +-----------+-----------------+-----+
359	     |           +-| device:01 | \_SB_.PCI0.DD01 | N/A |
360	     |             +-----------+-----------------+-----+
361	     |
362	     | +-------------+-------+----------------+
363	     +-| LNXSYBUS:01 | \_TZ_ | acpi:LNXSYBUS: |
364	       +-------------+-------+----------------+
365	         |
366	         | +-------------+------------+----------------+
367	         +-| LNXPOWER:0a | \_TZ_.FN00 | acpi:LNXPOWER: |
368	         | +-------------+------------+----------------+
369	         |
370	         | +------------+------------+---------------+
371	         +-| PNP0C0B:00 | \_TZ_.FAN0 | acpi:PNP0C0B: |
372	         | +------------+------------+---------------+
373	         |
374	         | +-------------+------------+----------------+
375	         +-| LNXTHERM:00 | \_TZ_.TZ00 | acpi:LNXTHERM: |
376	           +-------------+------------+----------------+
377	
378	                  Figure 3. Example Linux ACPI Device Tree
379	
380	   NOTE: Each node is represented as "object/path/modalias", where:
381	         1. 'object' is the name of the object's directory in sysfs.
382	         2. 'path' is the ACPI namespace path of the corresponding
383	            ACPI namespace object, as returned by the object's 'path'
384	            sysfs attribute.
385	         3. 'modalias' is the value of the object's 'modalias' sysfs
386	            attribute (as described earlier in this document).
387	   NOTE: N/A indicates the device object does not have the 'path' or the
388	         'modalias' attribute.
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