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Documentation / s390 / TAPE

Based on kernel version 2.6.26. Page generated on 2008-07-16 21:13 EST.

1	Channel attached Tape device driver 
2	
3	-----------------------------WARNING-----------------------------------------
4	This driver is considered to be EXPERIMENTAL. Do NOT use it in 
5	production environments. Feel free to test it and report problems back to us. 
6	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7	
8	The LINUX for zSeries tape device driver manages channel attached tape drives 
9	which are compatible to IBM 3480 or IBM 3490 magnetic tape subsystems. This 
10	includes various models of these devices (for example the 3490E). 
11	
12	
13	Tape driver features 
14	
15	The device driver supports a maximum of 128 tape devices. 
16	No official LINUX device major number is assigned to the zSeries tape device 
17	driver. It allocates major numbers dynamically and reports them on system 
18	startup. 
19	Typically it will get major number 254 for both the character device front-end 
20	and the block device front-end. 
21	
22	The tape device driver needs no kernel parameters. All supported devices 
23	present are detected on driver initialization at system startup or module load.
24	The devices detected are ordered by their subchannel numbers. The device with 
25	the lowest subchannel number becomes device 0, the next one will be device 1 
26	and so on. 
27	
28	
29	Tape character device front-end 
30	
31	The usual way to read or write to the tape device is through the character 
32	device front-end. The zSeries tape device driver provides two character devices
33	for each physical device -- the first of these will rewind automatically when 
34	it is closed, the second will not rewind automatically. 
35	
36	The character device nodes are named /dev/rtibm0 (rewinding) and /dev/ntibm0 
37	(non-rewinding) for the first device, /dev/rtibm1 and /dev/ntibm1 for the 
38	second, and so on. 
39	
40	The character device front-end can be used as any other LINUX tape device. You 
41	can write to it and read from it using LINUX facilities such as GNU tar. The 
42	tool mt can be used to perform control operations, such as rewinding the tape 
43	or skipping a file. 
44	
45	Most LINUX tape software should work with either tape character device. 
46	
47	
48	Tape block device front-end 
49	
50	The tape device may also be accessed as a block device in read-only mode. 
51	This could be used for software installation in the same way as it is used with 
52	other operation systems on the zSeries platform (and most LINUX 
53	distributions are shipped on compact disk using ISO9660 filesystems). 
54	
55	One block device node is provided for each physical device. These are named 
56	/dev/btibm0 for the first device, /dev/btibm1 for the second and so on. 
57	You should only use the ISO9660 filesystem on LINUX for zSeries tapes because 
58	the physical tape devices cannot perform fast seeks and the ISO9660 system is 
59	optimized for this situation. 
60	
61	
62	Tape block device example 
63	
64	In this example a tape with an ISO9660 filesystem is created using the first 
65	tape device. ISO9660 filesystem support must be built into your system kernel
66	for this. 
67	The mt command is used to issue tape commands and the mkisofs command to 
68	create an ISO9660 filesystem: 
69	
70	- create a LINUX directory (somedir) with the contents of the filesystem 
71	     mkdir somedir
72	     cp contents somedir 
73	
74	- insert a tape 
75	
76	- ensure the tape is at the beginning 
77	     mt -f /dev/ntibm0 rewind 
78	
79	- set the blocksize of the character driver. The blocksize 2048 bytes
80	  is commonly used on ISO9660 CD-Roms
81	     mt -f /dev/ntibm0 setblk 2048 
82	
83	- write the filesystem to the character device driver 
84	     mkisofs -o /dev/ntibm0 somedir 
85	
86	- rewind the tape again 
87	     mt -f /dev/ntibm0 rewind 
88	
89	- Now you can mount your new filesystem as a block device: 
90	     mount -t iso9660 -o ro,block=2048 /dev/btibm0 /mnt 
91	
92	TODO List 
93	
94	   - Driver has to be stabilized still
95	
96	BUGS 
97	
98	This driver is considered BETA, which means some weaknesses may still
99	be in it.
100	If an error occurs which cannot be handled by the code you will get a 
101	sense-data dump.In that case please do the following: 
102	
103	1. set the tape driver debug level to maximum: 
104	     echo 6 >/proc/s390dbf/tape/level 
105	
106	2. re-perform the actions which produced the bug. (Hopefully the bug will 
107	   reappear.) 
108	
109	3. get a snapshot from the debug-feature: 
110	     cat /proc/s390dbf/tape/hex_ascii >somefile 
111	
112	4. Now put the snapshot together with a detailed description of the situation 
113	   that led to the bug: 
114	 - Which tool did you use? 
115	 - Which hardware do you have? 
116	 - Was your tape unit online? 
117	 - Is it a shared tape unit? 
118	
119	5. Send an email with your bug report to: 
120	     mailto:Linux390[AT]de.ibm[DOT]com 
121	
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