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Documentation / fmc / mezzanine.txt


Based on kernel version 4.16.1. Page generated on 2018-04-09 11:53 EST.

1	FMC Driver
2	**********
3	
4	An FMC driver is concerned with the specific mezzanine and associated
5	gateware. As such, it is expected to be independent of the carrier
6	being used: it will perform I/O accesses only by means of
7	carrier-provided functions.
8	
9	The matching between device and driver is based on the content of the
10	EEPROM (as mandated by the FMC standard) or by the actual cores
11	configured in the FPGA; the latter technique is used when the FPGA is
12	already programmed when the device is registered to the bus core.
13	
14	In some special cases it is possible for a driver to directly access
15	FPGA registers, by means of the `fpga_base' field of the device
16	structure. This may be needed for high-bandwidth peripherals like fast
17	ADC cards. If the device module registered a remote device (for example
18	by means of Etherbone), the `fpga_base' pointer will be NULL.
19	Therefore, drivers must be ready to deal with NULL base pointers, and
20	fail gracefully.  Most driver, however, are not expected to access the
21	pointer directly but run fmc_readl and fmc_writel instead, which will
22	work in any case.
23	
24	In even more special cases, the driver may access carrier-specific
25	functionality: the `carrier_name' string allows the driver to check
26	which is the current carrier and make use of the `carrier_data'
27	pointer.  We chose to use carrier names rather than numeric identifiers
28	for greater flexibility, but also to avoid a central registry within
29	the `fmc.h' file - we hope other users will exploit our framework with
30	their own carriers.  An example use of carrier names is in GPIO setup
31	(see *note The GPIO Abstraction::), although the name match is not
32	expected to be performed by the driver.  If you depend on specific
33	carriers, please check the carrier name and fail gracefully if your
34	driver finds it is running in a yet-unknown-to-it environment.
35	
36	
37	ID Table
38	========
39	
40	Like most other Linux drivers, and FMC driver must list all the devices
41	which it is able to drive.  This is usually done by means of a device
42	table, but in FMC we can match hardware based either on the contents of
43	their EEPROM or on the actual FPGA cores that can be enumerated.
44	Therefore, we have two tables of identifiers.
45	
46	Matching of FRU information depends on two names, the manufacturer (or
47	vendor) and the device (see *note FMC Identification::); for
48	flexibility during production (i.e. before writing to the EEPROM) the
49	bus supports a catch-all driver that specifies NULL strings. For this
50	reason, the table is specified as pointer-and-length, not a a
51	null-terminated array - the entry with NULL names can be a valid entry.
52	
53	Matching on FPGA cores depends on two numeric fields: the 64-bit vendor
54	number and the 32-bit device number. Support for matching based on
55	class is not yet implemented.  Each device is expected to be uniquely
56	identified by an array of cores (it matches if all of the cores are
57	instantiated), and for consistency the list is passed as
58	pointer-and-length.  Several similar devices can be driven by the same
59	driver, and thus the driver specifies and array of such arrays.
60	
61	The complete set of involved data structures is thus the following:
62	
63	        struct fmc_fru_id { char *manufacturer; char *product_name; };
64	        struct fmc_sdb_one_id { uint64_t vendor; uint32_t device; };
65	        struct fmc_sdb_id { struct fmc_sdb_one_id *cores; int cores_nr; };
66	
67	        struct fmc_device_id {
68	                struct fmc_fru_id *fru_id; int fru_id_nr;
69	                struct fmc_sdb_id *sdb_id; int sdb_id_nr;
70	        };
71	
72	A better reference, with full explanation, is the <linux/fmc.h> header.
73	
74	
75	Module Parameters
76	=================
77	
78	Most of the FMC drivers need the same set of kernel parameters. This
79	package includes support to implement common parameters by means of
80	fields in the `fmc_driver' structure and simple macro definitions.
81	
82	The parameters are carrier-specific, in that they rely on the busid
83	concept, that varies among carriers. For the SPEC, the identifier is a
84	PCI bus and devfn number, 16 bits wide in total; drivers for other
85	carriers will most likely offer something similar but not identical,
86	and some code duplication is unavoidable.
87	
88	This is the list of parameters that are common to several modules to
89	see how they are actually used, please look at spec-trivial.c.
90	
91	`busid='
92	     This is an array of integers, listing carrier-specific
93	     identification numbers. For PIC, for example, `0x0400' represents
94	     bus 4, slot 0.  If any such ID is specified, the driver will only
95	     accept to drive cards that appear in the list (even if the FMC ID
96	     matches). This is accomplished by the validate carrier method.
97	
98	`gateware='
99	     The argument is an array of strings. If no busid= is specified,
100	     the first string of gateware= is used for all cards; otherwise the
101	     identifiers and gateware names are paired one by one, in the order
102	     specified.
103	
104	`show_sdb='
105	     For modules supporting it, this parameter asks to show the SDB
106	     internal structure by means of kernel messages. It is disabled by
107	     default because those lines tend to hide more important messages,
108	     if you look at the system console while loading the drivers.
109	     Note: the parameter is being obsoleted, because fmc.ko itself now
110	     supports dump_sdb= that applies to every client driver.
111	
112	
113	For example, if you are using the trivial driver to load two different
114	gateware files to two different cards, you can use the following
115	parameters to load different binaries to the cards, after looking up
116	the PCI identifiers. This has been tested with a SPEC carrier.
117	
118	        insmod fmc-trivial.ko \
119	                              busid=0x0200,0x0400 \
120	                              gateware=fmc/fine-delay.bin,fmc/simple-dio.bin
121	
122	Please note that not all sub-modules support all of those parameters.
123	You can use modinfo to check what is supported by each module.
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