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Documentation / kernel-docs.txt


Based on kernel version 4.9. Page generated on 2016-12-21 14:34 EST.

1	.. _kernel_docs:
2	
3	Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
4	=============================================================================================
5	
6	          Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
7	
8	The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
9	linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
10	to information, appeared again and again.
11	
12	Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
13	get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
14	enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
15	philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
16	
17	Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
18	start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
19	kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
20	available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
21	books are also mentioned.
22	
23	PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
24	send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
25	corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
26	
27	The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
28	cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
29	"Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
30	when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
31	Document.
32	
33	Enjoy!
34	
35	.. note::
36	
37	   The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its
38	   published date, from the newest to the oldest.
39	
40	Docs at the Linux Kernel tree
41	-----------------------------
42	
43	The DocBook books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs}``.
44	The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``.
45	
46	    * Name: **linux/Documentation**
47	
48	      :Author: Many.
49	      :Location: Documentation/
50	      :Keywords: text files, Sphinx, DocBook.
51	      :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
52	        inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
53	        (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
54	        be more up to date than the web version.
55	
56	    * Title: **The Kernel Hacking HOWTO**
57	
58	      :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
59	      :Location: Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
60	      :Keywords: HOWTO, kernel contexts, deadlock, locking, modules,
61	        symbols, return conventions.
62	      :Description: From the Introduction: "Please understand that I
63	        never wanted to write this document, being grossly underqualified,
64	        but I always wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I
65	        simply explain some best practices, and give reading entry-points
66	        into the kernel sources. I avoid implementation details: that's
67	        what the code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful
68	        routines. This document assumes familiarity with C, and an
69	        understanding of what the kernel is, and how it is used. It was
70	        originally written for the 2.3 kernels, but nearly all of it
71	        applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly different".
72	
73	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Locking HOWTO**
74	
75	      :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
76	      :Location: Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
77	      :Keywords: locks, locking, spinlock, semaphore, atomic, race
78	        condition, bottom halves, tasklets, softirqs.
79	      :Description: The title says it all: document describing the
80	        locking system in the Linux Kernel either in uniprocessor or SMP
81	        systems.
82	      :Notes: "It was originally written for the later (>2.3.47) 2.3
83	        kernels, but most of it applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly
84	        different". Freely redistributable under the conditions of the GNU
85	        General Public License.
86	
87	On-line docs
88	------------
89	
90	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
91	
92	      :Author: various
93	      :URL: http://kernelnewbies.org/glossary/
94	      :Date: rolling version
95	      :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
96	      :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
97	        a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
98	        during discussion of the Linux kernel".
99	
100	    * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
101	
102	      :Author: Richard Sailer
103	      :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
104	      :Date: 2016
105	      :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
106	      :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
107	        understanding linux kernel internals,
108	        illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
109	      :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
110	        as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
111	        Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
112	        source code more determined and with context.
113	        In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
114	        and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
115	        Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
116	        exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
117	
118	    * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
119	
120	      :Author: Andi Kleen
121	      :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
122	      :Date: 2008
123	      :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
124	      :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
125	        there are and how likley they get merged.
126	      :Abstract:
127	        [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
128	        submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
129	
130	    * Title: **Overview of the Virtual File System**
131	
132	      :Author: Richard Gooch.
133	      :URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
134	      :Date: 2007
135	      :Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,
136	        dentries, dcache.
137	      :Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.
138	        What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or
139	        mounting a file system and description of important data
140	        structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.
141	
142	    * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
143	
144	      :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
145	      :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
146	      :Date: 2005
147	      :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
148	        programming API and kernel hacking in general.  Available under the
149	        Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
150	      :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere  <ldd3_published>`.
151	
152	    * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
153	
154	      :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
155	      :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
156	      :Date: 2005
157	      :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
158	      :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
159	        both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
160	        sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
161	
162	    * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
163	
164	      :Author: David Hinds.
165	      :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
166	      :Date: 2003
167	      :Keywords: PCMCIA.
168	      :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
169	        drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
170	        describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
171	        Card Services.
172	
173	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
174	
175	      :Author: Ori Pomerantz.
176	      :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
177	      :Date: 2001
178	      :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
179	        interrupt handlers .
180	      :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
181	        programming. Lots of examples.
182	
183	    * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
184	
185	      :Author: Rick Lindsley.
186	      :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
187	      :Date: 2001
188	      :Keywords: spinlock.
189	      :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
190	        usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
191	        list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
192	        access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
193	        is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
194	
195	    * Title: **A Linux vm README**
196	
197	      :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
198	      :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
199	      :Date: 2001
200	      :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
201	        cache, swap cache, kswapd.
202	      :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
203	        relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
204	
205	    * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
206	
207	      :Author: Alan Cox.
208	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
209	      :Date: 2000
210	      :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
211	        camera driver.
212	      :Description: The title says it all.
213	
214	    * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
215	
216	      :Author: Alan Cox.
217	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
218	      :Date: 2000
219	      :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
220	        camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
221	      :Description: The title says it all.
222	
223	    * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
224	
225	      :Author: Glenn Herrin.
226	      :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
227	      :Date: 2000
228	      :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
229	        socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
230	        modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
231	      :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
232	        explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
233	        configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
234	        the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
235	        packets follow from the time they are received at the network
236	        device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
237	        code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
238	        dropper example.
239	
240	    * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
241	
242	      :Author: Paul Mackerras.
243	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
244	      :Date: 1999
245	      :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
246	      :Description: The title says it all.
247	
248	    * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
249	
250	      :Author: Alan Cox.
251	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
252	      :Date: 1999
253	      :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
254	      :Description: The title says it all.
255	
256	    * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
257	
258	      :Author: Alan Cox.
259	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
260	      :Date: 1999
261	      :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
262	      :Description: The title says it all.
263	
264	    * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
265	
266	      :Author: Alan Cox.
267	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
268	      :Date: 1999
269	      :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
270	      :Description: The title says it all.
271	
272	    * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
273	
274	      :Author: Alan Cox.
275	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
276	      :Date: 1999
277	      :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
278	      :Description: The title still says it all.
279	
280	    * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
281	
282	      :Author: Alan Cox.
283	      :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
284	      :Date: 1999
285	      :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
286	      :Description: The title says it all.
287	
288	    * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
289	
290	      :Author: Richard Gooch.
291	      :URL: http://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html
292	      :Date: 1999
293	      :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
294	        event queues.
295	      :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
296	        how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
297	        open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
298	        application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
299	        (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
300	        want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
301	        inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
302	
303	    * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
304	
305	      :Author: pragmatic/THC.
306	      :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
307	      :Date: 1999
308	      :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
309	      :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
310	        order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
311	        files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
312	        write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
313	        avoid all those abuses.
314	      :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
315	        kernels.
316	
317	    * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
318	
319	      :Author: Peter J. Braam.
320	      :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
321	      :Date: 1998
322	      :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
323	      :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
324	        Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
325	        dcache.
326	
327	    * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
328	
329	      :Author: Peter J. Braam.
330	      :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
331	      :Date: 1998
332	      :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
333	      :Description: "This document describes the communication between
334	        Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
335	        of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
336	        the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
337	        envisage".
338	
339	    * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
340	
341	      :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
342	      :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
343	      :Date: 1998
344	      :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
345	        VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
346	        ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
347	      :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
348	        Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
349	        design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
350	        e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
351	      :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
352	        First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
353	
354	    * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
355	
356	      :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
357	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
358	      :Date: 1997
359	      :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
360	      :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
361	      :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
362	        RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
363	        Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
364	        secondary-storage capability using software*.
365	
366	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
367	
368	      :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
369	      :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
370	      :Date: 1997
371	      :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
372	        block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
373	        memory allocation, timers.
374	      :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
375	        concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
376	        structures of Linux.
377	
378	    * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
379	
380	      :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
381	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
382	      :Date: 1996
383	      :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
384	        allocating resources.
385	      :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
386	      :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
387	        co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
388	        a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
389	        loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
390	        topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
391	        installment*.
392	
393	    * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
394	
395	      :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
396	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
397	      :Date: 1996
398	      :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
399	        autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
400	        open(), close().
401	      :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
402	      :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
403	        the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
404	        device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
405	        cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
406	
407	    * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
408	
409	      :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
410	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
411	      :Date: 1996
412	      :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
413	        blocking mode, interrupt handler.
414	      :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
415	      :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
416	        device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
417	        ioctl-calls*.
418	
419	    * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
420	
421	      :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
422	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
423	      :Date: 1996
424	      :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
425	      :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
426	      :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
427	        writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
428	        month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
429	        Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
430	        constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
431	        writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
432	        different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
433	        DMA*.
434	
435	    * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
436	
437	      :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
438	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
439	      :Date: 1996
440	      :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
441	        demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
442	        virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
443	      :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
444	        series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
445	        five articles about character device drivers. In this final
446	        section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
447	        an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
448	
449	    * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
450	
451	      :Author: Alan Cox.
452	      :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
453	      :Date: 1996
454	      :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
455	        variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
456	        configuration, multicast.
457	      :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
458	      :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
459	        simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
460	        hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
461	
462	    * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
463	
464	      :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
465	      :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
466	      :Date: 1994
467	      :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
468	      :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
469	        bitmaps, invariants...
470	
471	Published books
472	---------------
473	
474	    * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
475	
476	      :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
477	      :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
478	      :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
479	      :Pages: 688
480	      :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
481	      :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
482	         much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
483	
484	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
485	
486	      :Author: Rami Rosen
487	      :Publisher: Apress
488	      :Date: December 22, 2013
489	      :Pages: 648
490	      :ISBN: 978-1430261964
491	
492	    * Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition**
493	
494	      :Author: Christopher Hallinan
495	      :Publisher: Pearson
496	      :Date: November, 2010
497	      :Pages: 656
498	      :ISBN: 978-0137017836
499	
500	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
501	
502	      :Author: Robert Love
503	      :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
504	      :Date: July, 2010
505	      :Pages: 440
506	      :ISBN: 978-0672329463
507	
508	    * Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers**
509	
510	      :Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
511	      :Published: Prentice Hall
512	      :Date: April, 2008
513	      :Pages: 744
514	      :ISBN: 978-0132396554
515	
516	.. _ldd3_published:
517	
518	    * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
519	
520	      :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
521	      :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
522	      :Date: 2005
523	      :Pages: 636
524	      :ISBN: 0-596-00590-3
525	      :Notes: Further information in
526	        http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
527	        PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
528	
529	    * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
530	
531	      :Author: Michael Beck
532	      :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
533	      :Date: 1997
534	      :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
535	
536	    * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
537	
538	      :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
539	      :Publisher: Eyrolles
540	      :Date: 1997
541	      :Pages: 520
542	      :ISBN: 2-212-08932-5
543	      :Notes: French
544	
545	    * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
546	
547	      :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
548	        John S. Quarterman
549	      :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
550	      :Date: 1996
551	      :ISBN: 0-201-54979-4
552	
553	    * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
554	
555	      :Author: Uresh Vahalia
556	      :Publisher: Prentice Hall
557	      :Date: 1996
558	      :Pages: 600
559	      :ISBN: 0-13-101908-2
560	
561	    * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
562	
563	      :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
564	      :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
565	      :Date: 1995
566	      :Pages: 552
567	      :ISBN: I-56592-074-0
568	      :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
569	        POSIX. Good reference.
570	
571	    * Title:  **UNIX  Systems  for  Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
572	
573	      :Author: Curt Schimmel
574	      :Publisher: Addison Wesley
575	      :Date: June, 1994
576	      :Pages: 432
577	      :ISBN: 0-201-63338-8
578	
579	    * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
580	
581	      :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
582	        Karels, John S. Quarterman
583	      :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
584	      :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
585	      :ISBN: 0-201-06196-1
586	
587	    * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
588	
589	      :Author: Maurice J. Bach
590	      :Publisher: Prentice Hall
591	      :Date: 1986
592	      :Pages: 471
593	      :ISBN: 0-13-201757-1
594	
595	Miscellaneous
596	-------------
597	
598	    * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
599	
600	      :URL: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
601	      :Keywords: Browsing source code.
602	      :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
603	        Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
604	        where they are defined and where they are used.
605	
606	    * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
607	
608	      :URL: http://lwn.net
609	      :Keywords: latest kernel news.
610	      :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
611	        summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
612	        produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
613	
614	    * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
615	
616	      :Author: The Linux-MM team.
617	      :URL: http://linux-mm.org/
618	      :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
619	        mailing list.
620	      :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
621	        Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
622	        it if you are interested in memory management development!
623	
624	    * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
625	
626	      :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
627	      :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
628	      :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
629	        #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
630	        kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
631	        learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
632	        professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
633	        people.
634	        #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
635	        Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
636	        The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
637	
638	    * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
639	
640	      :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
641	      :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
642	      :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
643	      :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
644	      :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
645	        you have a better/another one, please let me know.
646	
647	-------
648	
649	Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20
650	
651	This document is based on:
652	 http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html
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